Editiŋ OpenSSL

{{Distinguish|OpenSSH}}
{{Infobox software
| name                 = OpenSSL
| logo                 = OpenSSL logo.png
| logo size            = 240px
| screenshot           =
| caption              =
| developer            = The OpenSSL Prōjekt
| operating_system     = <!--Nothing; it is a library, not a full app-->
| programming_language = [[C (progremiŋ leŋgueij)|C]], [[Assembly leŋgueij|assembly]]
| genre                = [[Laibrari (kompyutā sains)|Sekyuriti laibrari]]
| license = [[Apache Laisèns]]&nbsp;1.0 en [[BSD Laisèns]] dè 4-gè klos
| website              = {{URL|https://www.openssl.org/}}
}}

In [[kompyutā netwörkiŋ]], '''OpenSSL'''-wa softwär laibrari yusen in applaikeiçions rīkwairiŋ sekyuren kommyunikeiçions against eavesdropping or need to ascertain the identity of the party at the other end. It has found wide use in internet web servers, serving a majority of ol websàits.

OpenSSL kontein 1-gè [[Transport Leiyā Sekyuriti|SSL en TLS]] protokols dè [[guŋhoi kontent]] implimènteiçion.  Kōr [[Laibrari (kompyutā sains)|laibrari]] wraiten in [[C (progremiŋ leŋgueij)|C progremiŋ leŋgueij]] wa implimènt beisik [[kryptografi | kryptografik]] fùnkçions en provaid väryùs yutiliti dè fùnkçions. Wräpiŋās alaw yusiŋ OpenSSL laibrari in väryùs kompyutā leŋgueijs wa aveilàbol.

Vörçions wa aveilàbol für most [[Unix-laik]] opèreitiŋ sistèms (inklūdiŋ [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[Linux]], [[Mac OS X]] en väryùs [[open-source]] [[BSD]] opèreitiŋ sistèms), [[OpenVMS]] en [[Microsoft Windows]]. IBM port-zo nigè laibrari tu [[IBM i|System i]] (OS/400) dè environmènt.

== Prōjekt històri ==
The OpenSSL prōjekt wa faunden in 1998n tu invent a free set of encryption tools for the code used on the Internet. It is based on a fork of [[SSLeay]] by Eric Andrew Young and Tim Hudson, development of which unofficially ended on December 17, 1998, when Young and Hudson both started to work for [[RSA Security]].

The OpenSSL prōjekt dè männeijmènt tīm consists of four Europeans.  The entire development group consists of 11 members, out of which 10 are volunteers; there is only one full-time employee, Stephen Henson, the lead developer.<ref name="wsj" />

The project has a budget of less than $1 million a year and relies in part on donations. Steve Marquess, a former CIA consultant in Maryland started the foundation for donations and consultancy contracts and garnered sponsorship from the [[United States Department of Homeland Security]] and the [[United States Department of Defense]].<ref name=wsj>{{cite news|last=Yadron|first=Danny|title=Internet Security Relies on Very Few|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB20001424052702303873604579495362672447986?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB20001424052702303873604579495362672447986.html|accessdate=14 April 2014|newspaper=WSJ.com|date=11 April 2014}}</ref>

In 2013, WikiLeaks published documents obtained by Edward Snowden, which revealed that since 2010, the NSA had effectively broken/bypassed SSL/TLS by possibly exploiting vulnerabilities such as HeartBleed.

As of 2014 two thirds of all webservers use OpenSSL.<ref>{{cite web|title=Critical crypto bug in OpenSSL opens two-thirds of the Web to eavesdropping|url=http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/04/critical-crypto-bug-in-openssl-opens-two-thirds-of-the-web-to-eavesdropping/}}</ref>

==Major version releases==
<!--Template:Version - for version & release history. Documentation & examples: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Version-->
{|class="wikitable" style="min-width:40%"
|+ OpenSSL release history<ref name=changelog>{{cite web|title=OpenSSL – Changelog|url=https://www.openssl.org/news/changelog.html|publisher=OpenSSL Software Foundation|accessdate=17 September 2015}}</ref><ref name=releasestrat>{{cite web|title=OpenSSL – Release Strategy|url=https://www.openssl.org/policies/releasestrat.html|publisher=OpenSSL Software Foundation|accessdate=17 September 2015}}</ref>
|-
! Version !! Original release date !! Comment !! Last minor version
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.1}}
| December 23, 1998
| align="right" |
* Official start of the OpenSSL project
| 0.9.1c (December 23, 1998)
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.2}}
| March 22, 1999
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.1c
| 0.9.2b (April 6, 1999)
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.3}}
| May 25, 1999
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.2b
| 0.9.3a (May 27, 1999)
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.4}}
| August 9, 1999
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.3a
| 0.9.4 (August 9, 1999)
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.5}}
| February 28, 2000
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.4
| 0.9.5a (April 1, 2000)
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.6}}
| September 24, 2000
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.5a
| 0.9.6m (March 17, 2004)
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.7}}
| December 31, 2002
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.6m
| 0.9.7m (February 23, 2007)
|-
| {{Version |o |0.9.8}}
| July 5, 2005
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.7m
| 0.9.8zh (December 3, 2015)
|-
| {{Version |o |1.0.0}}
| March 29, 2010
| align="right" |
* Successor of 0.9.8n
| 1.0.0t (December 3, 2015)
|-
| {{Version |co |1.0.1}}
| March 14, 2012
| align="right" |
* Successor of 1.0.0l
* Support will end on December 31, 2016
* RFC 6520 TLS/DTLS heartbeat support.
* [[SCTP]] support.
* RFC 5705 TLS key material exporter.
* RFC 5764 DTLS-SRTP negotiation.
* [[Next Protocol Negotiation]].
* PSS signatures in certificates, requests and [[certificate revocation list]]s (CRL)s.
* Support for password based recipient info for CMS.
* Support TLS v1.2 and TLS v1.1.
* Preliminary FIPS capability for unvalidated 2.0 FIPS module.
* [[Secure Remote Password protocol]] (SRP) support.
| 1.0.1s (March 1, 2016)
|-
| {{Version |c |1.0.2}}
| January 22, 2015
| align="right" |
* Successor of 1.0.1l
* Supported until December 31, 2019
* Suite B support for TLS 1.2 and DTLS 1.2
* Support for DTLS 1.2
* TLS automatic [[elliptic curve]] (EC) curve selection.
* API to set TLS supported signature algorithms and curves
* SSL_CONF configuration API.
* TLS [[ECC Brainpool|Brainpool]] support.
* [[ALPN]] support.
* CMS support for [[RSA-PSS]], [[RSA-OAEP]], [[ECDH]] and [[X9.42]] DH.
| 1.0.2g (March 1, 2016)
|-
| {{Version |cp|1.1.0}}<ref name=openssl_1.1.0_notes>{{cite web|url=https://www.openssl.org/news/openssl-1.1.0-notes.html|title=OpenSSL 1.1.0 Series Release Notes|accessdate=2015-12-10}}</ref>
|
| align="right" |
* Expected to release on April 28, 2016
* Support for ChaCha20-Poly1305 (RFC 7539)
* Support for extended master secret
* CCM Ciphersuites
* SSLv2 removed
* Kerberos ciphersuite support removed
* RC4 removed from DEFAULT ciphersuites in libssl
* 40 and 56 bit cipher support removed from libssl
| Alpha 3 (Februar 15, 2016)
|-
| colspan="4" | <small>{{Version |l |show=111111}}</small>
|}

==Algorithms==
OpenSSL supports a number of different cryptographic algorithms:
; [[Cipher]]s:
: [[Advanced Encryption Standard|AES]], [[Blowfish (cipher)|Blowfish]], [[Camellia (cipher)|Camellia]], [[SEED]], [[CAST-128]], [[Data Encryption Standard|DES]], [[International Data Encryption Algorithm|IDEA]], [[RC2]], [[RC4]], [[RC5]], [[Triple DES]], [[GOST (block cipher)|GOST 28147-89]]<ref name="gost">{{cite web |url=http://cvs.openssl.org/fileview?f=openssl/engines/ccgost/README.gost |title=GOST engine OpenSSL 1.0.0 README |publisher=cvs.openssl.org }}</ref>
; [[Cryptographic hash function]]s:
: [[MD5]], [[MD4]], [[MD2 (cryptography)|MD2]], [[SHA-1]], [[SHA-2]], [[RIPEMD-160]], [[MDC-2]], [[GOST (hash function)|GOST R 34.11-94]]<ref name="gost" />
; [[Public-key cryptography]]:
: [[RSA (algorithm)|RSA]], [[Digital Signature Algorithm|DSA]], [[Diffie–Hellman key exchange]],  [[Elliptic curve cryptography|Elliptic curve]], [[GOST R 34.10-2001]]<ref name="gost" />

([[Perfect forward secrecy]] is supported using [[elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman]] since version 1.0.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://googleonlinesecurity.blogspot.com.au/2011/11/protecting-data-for-long-term-with.html|title=Protecting data for the long term with forward secrecy|accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref>)

==FIPS 140-2 compliance==
{{As of|2012|12}}, OpenSSL is one of two [[open source]] programs to be involved with validation under the [[FIPS 140-2]] computer security standard by the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]]'s (NIST) [[Cryptographic Module Validation Program]] (CMVP).<ref>[http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140-1/1401val2012.htm Validated FIPS 140-1 and FIPS 140-2 Cryptographic Modules]. NIST. Retrieved 2012-12-19.</ref> (OpenSSL itself is not validated, but a component called the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module, based on OpenSSL, was created to provide many of the same capabilities).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.openssl.org/docs/fips/fipsnotes.html |title=Important Notes about OpenSSL and FIPS 140-2 |publisher=openssl.org}}</ref>

A certificate was first awarded in January 2006 but revoked in July 2006 "when questions were raised about the validated module’s interaction with outside software." The certification was reinstated in February 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcn.com/online/vol1_no1/43142-1.html |title=NIST recertifies open source encryption module |publisher=gcn.com}}</ref>

==Licensing==
OpenSSL is "dual licensed" under the OpenSSL License and the SSLeay License.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html |title=OpenSSL: Source, License |publisher=openssl.org}}</ref> The OpenSSL License is [[Apache License]] 1.0 and SSLeay License bears some similarity to a 4-clause [[BSD License]]. The common usage of the term ''dual-license'' is that the user may pick which license they wish to use. However, OpenSSL documentation uses the term ''dual-license'' to mean that both licenses apply.

As the OpenSSL License is [[Apache License]] 1.0, but not Apache License 2.0, it requires the phrase "this product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit" to appear in advertising material and any redistributions (Sections 3 and 6 of the OpenSSL License). Due to this restriction, the OpenSSL License and the Apache License 1.0 are incompatible with the GPL.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fsf.org/licensing/licenses |title=Licenses – Free Software Foundation |publisher=fsf.org}}</ref>
Some GPL developers have added an ''OpenSSL exception'' to their licenses specifically allowing OpenSSL to be used with their system. GNU [[Wget]] and [[climm]] both use such exceptions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://users.ugent.be/~bpuype/wget |title=WGET 1.10.2 for Windows (win32) |publisher=users.ugent.be}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.climm.org/download.shtml.en |title=Releases of source and binaries |publisher=climm.org |accessdate=30 November 2010}}</ref> Some packages (like [[Deluge (software)|Deluge]]) explicitly modify the GPL license by adding an extra section at the beginning of the license documenting the exception.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://git.deluge-torrent.org/deluge/plain/LICENSE |title=Deluge LICENSE file |publisher=deluge-torrent.org |accessdate=24 January 2013}}</ref> Other packages use the [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]]-licensed [[GnuTLS]] and [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]-licensed [[Network Security Services|NSS]], both of which perform the same task.

OpenSSL announced in August 2015 that it would require most contributors to sign a [[Contributor License Agreement]] (CLA), and that OpenSSL would eventually be relicensed under the terms of [[Apache License&nbsp;2.0]].<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://www.openssl.org/blog/blog/2015/08/01/cla/
 | title = License Agreements and Changes Are Coming
 | date = 1 August 2015 | accessdate = 23 August 2015
 | last = Salz | first = Rich | website = openssl.org
}}</ref>

== Notable vulnerabilities ==

===Timing attacks on RSA Keys===
On March 14, 2003, a timing attack on RSA keys was discovered, which meant a vulnerability within OpenSSL versions 0.9.7a and 0.9.6. This vulnerability was assigned CAN-2003-0147 by the [[Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures]] project. [[RSA blinding attack|RSA blinding]] was not turned on by default by OpenSSL, since it is not easily possible to when providing SSL or TLS using OpenSSL. Almost all SSL enabled Apaches were affected, along with many other applications of OpenSSL. Timing differences on the number of extra reductions along and use of Karatsuba and normal integer multiplication algorithms meant that it was possible for local and remote attackers to obtain the private key of the server.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

===Denial of Service ASN.1 parsing===
OpenSSL 0.9.6k had a bug where certain ASN.1 sequences triggered a large amount of recursions on Windows machines, discovered on November 4, 2003. Windows could not handle large recursions correctly, so OpenSSL would crash as a result. Being able to send arbitrary large amounts of ASN.1 sequences would cause OpenSSL to crash as a result. A [[client certificate]] to a SSL/TLS enabled server could accept ASN.1 sequences and crash.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

===OCSP stapling vulnerability===
When creating a handshake, the client could send an incorrectly formatted ClientHello message, leading to OpenSSL parsing more than the end of the message. Titled CVE-2011-0014, this affected all OpenSSL versions 0.9.8h to 0.9.8q and OpenSSL 1.0.0 to 1.0.0c. Since the parsing could lead to a read on an incorrect memory address, it was possible for the attacker to cause a DDOS. It was also possible that some applications expose the contents of parsed OCSP extensions, leading to an attacker being able to read the contents of memory that came after the ClientHello.<ref>{{cite web|title=OpenSSL Updates Fix Critical Security Vulnerabilities [09 Aug 2014]|url=https://blogs.comodo.com/it-security/openssl-updates-fix-critical-security-vulnerabilities/|accessdate=25 Aug 2014}}</ref>

===ASN1 Bio vulnerability===
When using BIO or FILE based functions to read untrusted DER format data, OpenSSL is vulnerable. The CVE assigned this CVE-2012-2110, as this was discovered on April 19, 2012. While not directly affecting the SSL/TLS code of OpenSSL, any application that was using ASN1 functions (particularly d2i_X509 and d2i_[[PKCS]]12) were also not affected.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv_20120419.txt |title=ASN1 BIO vulnerability |publisher=OpenSSL}}</ref><ref>{{CVS |year=2012 |id=2110 }}</ref>

===SSL, TLS and DTLS Plaintext Recovery Attack===
In handling CBC cipher-suites in SSL, TLS, and DTLS, OpenSSL was found to be vulnerable to a timing attack which arises during the MAC processing. This was found by Nadhem Alfardan and Kenny Paterson, who [http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/tls/ published their findings] on February 5, 2013, given the name CVE-2013-0169. All versions of OpenSSL were affected, and it was only partially mitigated by the use of the OpenSSL FIPS Object Module and the FIPS mode of operation is enabled.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

=== Predictable private keys (Debian-specific) ===
OpenSSL's pseudo-[[random number generator]] acquires entropy using complex programming methods described as poor coding practice. In order to keep associated warnings from being issued by the [[Valgrind]] analysis tool, a maintainer of the [[Debian]] distribution applied a [[patch (computing)|patch]] to the Debian's variant of the OpenSSL suite, which inadvertently broke its random number generator by limiting the overall number of private keys it could generate to 32,768.<ref>{{Cite web |title=research!rsc: Lessons from the Debian/OpenSSL Fiasco |url=http://research.swtch.com/openssl |website=research.swtch.com |accessdate=2015-08-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SSLkeys - Debian Wiki |url=https://wiki.debian.org/SSLkeys |website=debian.org |accessdate=2015-06-19}}</ref> The broken version was included in the Debian release of September 17, 2006 (version 0.9.8c-1), also compromising other Debian-based distributions, for example [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]]. Any key generated with the broken random number generator was compromised, as well as the data encrypted with such keys;{{Citation needed|reason=DSA keys are known bad, but others?|date=April 2014}} moreover, ready-to-use [[Exploit (computer security)|exploits]] are easily available.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Debian OpenSSL{{snd}} Predictable PRNG Bruteforce SSH Exploit Python{{snd}} Exploits Database |url=https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5720/ |website=exploit-db.com |accessdate=2015-08-12}}</ref>

The error was reported by Debian on May 13, 2008.  On the Debian&nbsp;4.0 distribution (etch), these problems were fixed in version 0.9.8c-4etch3, while fixes for the Debian&nbsp;5.0 distribution (lenny) were provided in version 0.9.8g-9.<ref name="dsa-1571-1">{{cite web |title=DSA-1571-1 openssl – predictable random number generator |url=http://www.debian.org/security/2008/dsa-1571 |publisher=[[Debian]] |date=May 13, 2008 }}</ref>

=== {{anchor|Heartbleed bug}}Heartbleed ===
{{main|Heartbleed}}
[[File:Heartbleed.svg|thumb|140px|A logo representing the Heartbleed bug]]

OpenSSL versions 1.0.1 through 1.0.1f had a severe memory handling [[software bug|bug]] in their implementation of the [[Transport Layer Security|TLS]] Heartbeat Extension that could be used to reveal up to 64&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KB]] of the application's memory with every [[heartbeat (computing)|heartbeat]].<ref>{{cite web|title=OpenSSL Security Advisory [07 Apr 2014]|url=https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv_20140407.txt|author=OpenSSL.org|accessdate=9 April 2014|date=7 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| last = OpenSSL| title = TLS heartbeat read overrun (CVE-2014-0160)| accessdate = 2014-04-08| date = 2014-04-07| url = https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv_20140407.txt}}</ref> By reading the memory of the web server, attackers could access sensitive data, including the server's [[Public-key cryptography|private key]].<ref name="hb">{{Cite web| last = Codenomicon Ltd| title = Heartbleed Bug| accessdate = 2014-04-08| date = 2014-04-08| url = http://heartbleed.com/}}</ref> This could allow attackers to decode earlier [[eavesdropping|eavesdropped]] communications if the encryption protocol used does not ensure [[Perfect forward secrecy|Perfect Forward Secrecy]]. Knowledge of the private key could also allow an attacker to mount a [[man-in-the-middle attack]] against any future communications.<ref>{{cite web|title=Man in Middle Attacks [04 Jun 2014]|url=https://blogs.comodo.com/it-security/openssl-vulnerability-exploited-man-middle-attacks/|accessdate=25 Aug 2014}}</ref> The vulnerability might also reveal unencrypted parts of other users' sensitive requests and responses, including [[session cookie]]s and passwords, which might allow attackers to [[Session hijacking|hijack the identity]] of another user of the service.<ref name="ipsec">{{cite web |url=http://ipsec.pl/ssl-tls/2014/why-heartbleed-dangerous-exploiting-cve-2014-0160.html |title=Why Heartbleed is dangerous? Exploiting CVE-2014-0160 |year=2014 |publisher=IPSec.pl}}</ref>

At its disclosure on April 7, 2014, around 17% or half a million of the Internet's secure [[web servers]] certified by [[Certificate authority|trusted authorities]] were believed to have been vulnerable to the attack.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mutton|first=Paul|title=Half a million widely trusted websites vulnerable to Heartbleed bug|url=http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2014/04/08/half-a-million-widely-trusted-websites-vulnerable-to-heartbleed-bug.html|publisher=Netcraft Ltd.|accessdate=8 April 2014|date=8 April 2014}}</ref>  However, Heartbleed can affect both the server and client.

=== {{anchor|CVE-2014-0224}}CCS Injection Vulnerability ===
CCS Injection Vulnerability (CVE-2014-0224) is a security bypass vulnerability that exists in OpenSSL. The vulnerability is due to a weakness in OpenSSL methods used for keying material.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyberoam.com/blog/openssl-continues-to-bleed-out-more-flaws-more-critical-vulnerabilities-found/ |title=OpenSSL continues to bleed out more flaws – more critical vulnerabilities found |year=2014 |publisher=Cyberoam Threat Research Labs}}</ref>

This vulnerability can be exploited through the use of a man-in-the-middle attack,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2014-0224 |title=CVE-2014-0224 |year=2014 |publisher=CVE}}</ref> where an attacker may be able to decrypt and modify traffic in transit. A remote unauthenticated attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using a specially crafted handshake to force the use of weak keying material. Successful exploitation could lead to a security bypass condition where an attacker could gain access to potentially sensitive information. The attack can only be performed between a vulnerable client ''and'' server.

OpenSSL clients are vulnerable in all versions of OpenSSL before the versions 0.9.8za, 1.0.0m and 1.0.1h. Servers are only known to be vulnerable in OpenSSL 1.0.1 and 1.0.2-beta1. Users of OpenSSL servers earlier than 1.0.1 are advised to upgrade as a precaution.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv_20140605.txt |title=OpenSSL Security Advisory [05 Jun 2014] |year=2014 |publisher=OpenSSL}}</ref>

=== {{anchor|CVE-2015-0291}}ClientHello sigalgs DoS ===
This vulnerability allows anyone to take a certificate, read its contents and modify it accurately to abuse the vulnerability causing a certificate to crash a client or server. A client connects to an OpenSSL 1.0.2 server and renegotiates with an invalid signature algorithms extension a NULL pointer dereference will occur. This can cause a DoS attack against the server.

A Stanford Security researcher, David Ramos had a private exploit and presented it before the OpenSSL team where they patched the issue.

OpenSSL classified the bug as a high-severity issue, noting version 1.0.2 was found vulnerable.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freedomhacker.net/openssl-patches-severe-denial-of-service-vulnerability-3818/ |title=OpenSSL Patches Severe Denial-of-Service Vulnerability [20 March 2015] |year=2015 |publisher=Brandon Stosh}}</ref>

== Forks ==

=== {{Anchor|assl}}Agglomerated SSL ===
In 2009, after frustrations with the original OpenSSL API, Marco Peereboom, an OpenBSD developer at the time, forked the original API by creating Agglomerated SSL (assl), which reuses OpenSSL API under the hood, but provides a much simpler external interface.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ports.su/security/assl |title= security/assl: assl-1.5.0p0v0 – hide awful SSL API in a sane interface |work= [[OpenBSD ports]] |date= 2014-05-22 |accessdate= 2015-02-10 }}</ref>

=== LibreSSL ===
{{main|LibreSSL}}

In the wake of Heartbleed, members of the [[OpenBSD]] project [[Fork (software development)|fork]]ed OpenSSL starting with the 1.0.1g branch, to create a project named [[LibreSSL]].<ref name="fork">{{cite web |url=http://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article&sid=20140415093252&mode=expanded |title= OpenBSD has started a massive strip-down and cleanup of OpenSSL |date=2014-04-15| work=OpenBSD journal}}</ref> In the first week of pruning the OpenSSL's [[codebase]], more than 90,000 lines of C code had been removed from the fork.<ref>{{cite web|title= OpenBSD forks, prunes, fixes OpenSSL |url=http://www.zdnet.com/openbsd-forks-prunes-fixes-openssl-7000028613/|publisher=ZDNet|accessdate=21 April 2014|date=21 April 2014}}</ref>

=== {{Anchor|BORINGSSL}}BoringSSL ===
In 2014n 6m, [[Google]] announced its own fork of OpenSSL dubbed BoringSSL. Google plans to co-operate with OpenSSL and LibreSSL developers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Google unveils independent 'fork' of OpenSSL called 'BoringSSL' |date=2014-06-21 |work=Ars Technica |url=http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/06/google-unveils-independent-fork-of-openssl-called-boringssl/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=BoringSSL|date=2014-06-20|work=Adam Langley's Weblog |url=https://www.imperialviolet.org/2014/06/20/boringssl.html}}</ref>

==Rībiuldiŋ OpenSSL==

tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/openssl$ ./config
Operating system: i686-whatever-linux2
Smartmatch is experimental at ./Configure line 2110.
Smartmatch is experimental at ./Configure line 2110.
Configuring for linux-elf
Smartmatch is experimental at ./Configure line 2110.
Configuring OpenSSL version 1.1.0-pre4-dev (0x0x10100004L)
    no-crypto-mdebug [default]  OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG (skip dir)
    no-crypto-mdebug-backtrace [forced]   OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_BACKTRACE (skip dir)
    no-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128 (skip dir)
    no-egd          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EGD (skip dir)
    no-heartbeats   [default]  OPENSSL_NO_HEARTBEATS (skip dir)
    no-md2          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_MD2 (skip dir)
    no-rc5          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_RC5 (skip dir)
    no-sctp         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SCTP (skip dir)
    no-shared       [default] 
    no-ssl-trace    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SSL_TRACE (skip dir)
    no-static-engine [default]  OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE (skip dir)
    no-unit-test    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_UNIT_TEST (skip dir)
    no-zlib         [default] 
    no-zlib-dynamic [forced]  
Configuring for linux-elf
IsMK1MF       =no
CC            =gcc
CFLAG         =-Wall -O3 -pthread -DL_ENDIAN -fomit-frame-pointer  -Wa,--noexecstack
DEFINES       =DSO_DLFCN HAVE_DLFCN_H OPENSSL_THREADS OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE OPENSSL_PIC OPENSSL_BN_ASM_PART_WORDS OPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT OPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m SHA1_ASM SHA256_ASM SHA512_ASM MD5_ASM RMD160_ASM AES_ASM VPAES_ASM WHIRLPOOL_ASM GHASH_ASM ECP_NISTZ256_ASM POLY1305_ASM
LFLAG         =
PLIB_LFLAG    =
EX_LIBS       =-ldl 
APPS_OBJ      =
CPUID_OBJ     =x86cpuid.o
UPLINK_OBJ    =
BN_ASM        =bn-586.o co-586.o x86-mont.o x86-gf2m.o
EC_ASM        =ecp_nistz256.o ecp_nistz256-x86.o
DES_ENC       =des-586.o crypt586.o
AES_ENC       =aes-586.o vpaes-x86.o aesni-x86.o
BF_ENC        =bf-586.o
CAST_ENC      =c_enc.o
RC4_ENC       =rc4-586.o
RC5_ENC       =rc5-586.o
MD5_OBJ_ASM   =md5-586.o
SHA1_OBJ_ASM  =sha1-586.o sha256-586.o sha512-586.o
RMD160_OBJ_ASM=rmd-586.o
CMLL_ENC      =cmll-x86.o
MODES_OBJ     =ghash-x86.o
PADLOCK_OBJ   =e_padlock-x86.o
CHACHA_ENC    =chacha-x86.o
POLY1305_OBJ  =poly1305-x86.o
PROCESSOR     =
RANLIB        =/usr/bin/ranlib
ARFLAGS       =
PERL          =/usr/bin/perl

THIRTY_TWO_BIT mode
BN_LLONG mode

Configured for linux-elf.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Please consider configuring with the flag --unified .
It's to test out a new "unified" building system.

One cool feature is that you can have your build directory elsewhere,
for example:

    make clean          # Clean the current configuration away
    mkdir ../_openssl-build_linux-elf
    cd ../_openssl-build_linux-elf
    ../openssl/config --unified
    make
    make test

Please report any problem you have.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/openssl$ ./config --unified
Operating system: i686-whatever-linux2
Smartmatch is experimental at ./Configure line 2110.
Smartmatch is experimental at ./Configure line 2110.
Configuring for linux-elf
Smartmatch is experimental at ./Configure line 2110.
Configuring OpenSSL version 1.1.0-pre4-dev (0x0x10100004L)
    no-crypto-mdebug [default]  OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG (skip dir)
    no-crypto-mdebug-backtrace [forced]   OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_BACKTRACE (skip dir)
    no-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128 (skip dir)
    no-egd          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EGD (skip dir)
    no-heartbeats   [default]  OPENSSL_NO_HEARTBEATS (skip dir)
    no-md2          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_MD2 (skip dir)
    no-rc5          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_RC5 (skip dir)
    no-sctp         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SCTP (skip dir)
    no-shared       [default] 
    no-ssl-trace    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SSL_TRACE (skip dir)
    no-static-engine [default]  OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE (skip dir)
    no-unit-test    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_UNIT_TEST (skip dir)
    no-zlib         [default] 
    no-zlib-dynamic [forced]  
Configuring for linux-elf
IsMK1MF       =no
CC            =gcc
CFLAG         =-Wall -O3 -pthread -DL_ENDIAN -fomit-frame-pointer  -Wa,--noexecstack
DEFINES       =DSO_DLFCN HAVE_DLFCN_H OPENSSL_THREADS OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE OPENSSL_PIC OPENSSL_BN_ASM_PART_WORDS OPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT OPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m SHA1_ASM SHA256_ASM SHA512_ASM MD5_ASM RMD160_ASM AES_ASM VPAES_ASM WHIRLPOOL_ASM GHASH_ASM ECP_NISTZ256_ASM POLY1305_ASM
LFLAG         =
PLIB_LFLAG    =
EX_LIBS       =-ldl 
APPS_OBJ      =
CPUID_OBJ     =x86cpuid.o
UPLINK_OBJ    =
BN_ASM        =bn-586.o co-586.o x86-mont.o x86-gf2m.o
EC_ASM        =ecp_nistz256.o ecp_nistz256-x86.o
DES_ENC       =des-586.o crypt586.o
AES_ENC       =aes-586.o vpaes-x86.o aesni-x86.o
BF_ENC        =bf-586.o
CAST_ENC      =c_enc.o
RC4_ENC       =rc4-586.o
RC5_ENC       =rc5-586.o
MD5_OBJ_ASM   =md5-586.o
SHA1_OBJ_ASM  =sha1-586.o sha256-586.o sha512-586.o
RMD160_OBJ_ASM=rmd-586.o
CMLL_ENC      =cmll-x86.o
MODES_OBJ     =ghash-x86.o
PADLOCK_OBJ   =e_padlock-x86.o
CHACHA_ENC    =chacha-x86.o
POLY1305_OBJ  =poly1305-x86.o
PROCESSOR     =
RANLIB        =/usr/bin/ranlib
ARFLAGS       =
PERL          =/usr/bin/perl

THIRTY_TWO_BIT mode
BN_LLONG mode

Configured for linux-elf.
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/openssl$ ls
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  configdata.pm   engines        INSTALL.NW   Makefile.in      README         tools
apps              Configurations  e_os.h         INSTALL.OS2  Makefile.shared  README.ECC     util
appveyor.yml      Configure       external       INSTALL.VMS  ms               README.ENGINE  VMS
build.info        CONTRIBUTING    FAQ            INSTALL.WCE  Netware          README.FIPS
CHANGES           crypto          include        INSTALL.WIN  NEWS             README.PERL
config            demos           INSTALL        LICENSE      openssl.spec     ssl
config.com        doc             INSTALL.DJGPP  Makefile     os2              test
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/openssl$ 
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/openssl$ make clean
rm -f
rm -f
rm -f libcrypto.a libssl.a
rm -f apps/openssl test/asynctest test/bftest test/bntest test/casttest test/clienthellotest test/constant_time_test test/ct_test test/danetest test/destest test/dhtest test/dsatest test/dtlsv1listentest test/ecdhtest test/ecdsatest test/ectest test/enginetest test/evp_extra_test test/evp_test test/exptest test/gmdifftest test/heartbeat_test test/hmactest test/ideatest test/igetest test/md2test test/md4test test/md5test test/mdc2test test/memleaktest test/nptest test/p5_crpt2_test test/packettest test/pbelutest test/randtest test/rc2test test/rc4test test/rc5test test/rmdtest test/rsa_test test/secmemtest test/sha1test test/sha256t test/sha512t test/srptest test/ssltest test/threadstest test/v3nametest test/verify_extra_test test/wp_test
rm -f `find . -name '*.d'`
rm -f `find . -name '*.o'`
rm -f ./core
rm -f ./tags ./TAGS
rm -f ./openssl.pc ./libcrypto.pc ./libssl.pc
rm -f `find . -type l`
rm -f ../openssl-1.1.0-pre4-dev.tar
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/openssl$ mkdir ../_openssl-build_linux-elf
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/openssl$ cd ../_openssl-build_linux-elf
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ ../openssl/config --unified
Operating system: i686-whatever-linux2
Smartmatch is experimental at ../openssl/Configure line 2110.
Smartmatch is experimental at ../openssl/Configure line 2110.
Configuring for linux-elf
Smartmatch is experimental at ../openssl/Configure line 2110.
Configuring OpenSSL version 1.1.0-pre4-dev (0x0x10100004L)
    no-crypto-mdebug [default]  OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG (skip dir)
    no-crypto-mdebug-backtrace [forced]   OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_BACKTRACE (skip dir)
    no-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128 (skip dir)
    no-egd          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EGD (skip dir)
    no-heartbeats   [default]  OPENSSL_NO_HEARTBEATS (skip dir)
    no-md2          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_MD2 (skip dir)
    no-rc5          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_RC5 (skip dir)
    no-sctp         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SCTP (skip dir)
    no-shared       [default] 
    no-ssl-trace    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SSL_TRACE (skip dir)
    no-static-engine [default]  OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE (skip dir)
    no-unit-test    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_UNIT_TEST (skip dir)
    no-zlib         [default] 
    no-zlib-dynamic [forced]  
Configuring for linux-elf
IsMK1MF       =no
CC            =gcc
CFLAG         =-Wall -O3 -pthread -DL_ENDIAN -fomit-frame-pointer  -Wa,--noexecstack
DEFINES       =DSO_DLFCN HAVE_DLFCN_H OPENSSL_THREADS OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE OPENSSL_PIC OPENSSL_BN_ASM_PART_WORDS OPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT OPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m SHA1_ASM SHA256_ASM SHA512_ASM MD5_ASM RMD160_ASM AES_ASM VPAES_ASM WHIRLPOOL_ASM GHASH_ASM ECP_NISTZ256_ASM POLY1305_ASM
LFLAG         =
PLIB_LFLAG    =
EX_LIBS       =-ldl 
APPS_OBJ      =
CPUID_OBJ     =x86cpuid.o
UPLINK_OBJ    =
BN_ASM        =bn-586.o co-586.o x86-mont.o x86-gf2m.o
EC_ASM        =ecp_nistz256.o ecp_nistz256-x86.o
DES_ENC       =des-586.o crypt586.o
AES_ENC       =aes-586.o vpaes-x86.o aesni-x86.o
BF_ENC        =bf-586.o
CAST_ENC      =c_enc.o
RC4_ENC       =rc4-586.o
RC5_ENC       =rc5-586.o
MD5_OBJ_ASM   =md5-586.o
SHA1_OBJ_ASM  =sha1-586.o sha256-586.o sha512-586.o
RMD160_OBJ_ASM=rmd-586.o
CMLL_ENC      =cmll-x86.o
MODES_OBJ     =ghash-x86.o
PADLOCK_OBJ   =e_padlock-x86.o
CHACHA_ENC    =chacha-x86.o
POLY1305_OBJ  =poly1305-x86.o
PROCESSOR     =
RANLIB        =/usr/bin/ranlib
ARFLAGS       =
PERL          =/usr/bin/perl

THIRTY_TWO_BIT mode
BN_LLONG mode

Configured for linux-elf.
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ make\
> 
make: *** No rule to make target 'libcrypto.pc', needed by 'build_libs_nodep'.  Stop.
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ make
make: *** No rule to make target 'libcrypto.pc', needed by 'build_libs_nodep'.  Stop.
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc
tail: cannot open ‘debian/changelog’ for reading: No such file or directory
dpkg-buildpackage: error: tail of debian/changelog gave error exit status 1
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ locate libcrypto
/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ apt-get build-dep libcrypto
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ sudo apt-get build-dep libcrypto
[sudo] password for tom: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to find a source package for libcrypto
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ sudo apt-get build-dep openssl
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  debhelper libsigsegv2 m4 po-debconf
0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,170 kB of archives.
After this operation, 2,183 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://hk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/main libsigsegv2 i386 2.10-4 [14.0 kB]
Get:2 http://hk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/main po-debconf all 1.0.18 [234 kB]
Get:3 http://hk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/main debhelper all 9.20150811ubuntu2 [732 kB]
Get:4 http://hk.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/main m4 i386 1.4.17-4 [190 kB]
Fetched 1,170 kB in 0s (2,070 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libsigsegv2:i386.
(Reading database ... 179391 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libsigsegv2_2.10-4_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libsigsegv2:i386 (2.10-4) ...
Selecting previously unselected package po-debconf.
Preparing to unpack .../po-debconf_1.0.18_all.deb ...
Unpacking po-debconf (1.0.18) ...
Selecting previously unselected package debhelper.
Preparing to unpack .../debhelper_9.20150811ubuntu2_all.deb ...
Unpacking debhelper (9.20150811ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package m4.
Preparing to unpack .../archives/m4_1.4.17-4_i386.deb ...
Unpacking m4 (1.4.17-4) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.4-1) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.6) ...
Processing 1 added doc-base file...
Processing triggers for install-info (6.0.0.dfsg.1-3) ...
Setting up libsigsegv2:i386 (2.10-4) ...
Setting up po-debconf (1.0.18) ...
Setting up debhelper (9.20150811ubuntu2) ...
Setting up m4 (1.4.17-4) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.21-0ubuntu4.1) ...
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ make
make: *** No rule to make target 'libcrypto.pc', needed by 'build_libs_nodep'.  Stop.
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ ../openssl/config --unified
Operating system: i686-whatever-linux2
Smartmatch is experimental at ../openssl/Configure line 2110.
Smartmatch is experimental at ../openssl/Configure line 2110.
Configuring for linux-elf
Smartmatch is experimental at ../openssl/Configure line 2110.
Configuring OpenSSL version 1.1.0-pre4-dev (0x0x10100004L)
    no-crypto-mdebug [default]  OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG (skip dir)
    no-crypto-mdebug-backtrace [forced]   OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_BACKTRACE (skip dir)
    no-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128 (skip dir)
    no-egd          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_EGD (skip dir)
    no-heartbeats   [default]  OPENSSL_NO_HEARTBEATS (skip dir)
    no-md2          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_MD2 (skip dir)
    no-rc5          [default]  OPENSSL_NO_RC5 (skip dir)
    no-sctp         [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SCTP (skip dir)
    no-shared       [default] 
    no-ssl-trace    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_SSL_TRACE (skip dir)
    no-static-engine [default]  OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE (skip dir)
    no-unit-test    [default]  OPENSSL_NO_UNIT_TEST (skip dir)
    no-zlib         [default] 
    no-zlib-dynamic [forced]  
Configuring for linux-elf
IsMK1MF       =no
CC            =gcc
CFLAG         =-Wall -O3 -pthread -DL_ENDIAN -fomit-frame-pointer  -Wa,--noexecstack
DEFINES       =DSO_DLFCN HAVE_DLFCN_H OPENSSL_THREADS OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE OPENSSL_PIC OPENSSL_BN_ASM_PART_WORDS OPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT OPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m SHA1_ASM SHA256_ASM SHA512_ASM MD5_ASM RMD160_ASM AES_ASM VPAES_ASM WHIRLPOOL_ASM GHASH_ASM ECP_NISTZ256_ASM POLY1305_ASM
LFLAG         =
PLIB_LFLAG    =
EX_LIBS       =-ldl 
APPS_OBJ      =
CPUID_OBJ     =x86cpuid.o
UPLINK_OBJ    =
BN_ASM        =bn-586.o co-586.o x86-mont.o x86-gf2m.o
EC_ASM        =ecp_nistz256.o ecp_nistz256-x86.o
DES_ENC       =des-586.o crypt586.o
AES_ENC       =aes-586.o vpaes-x86.o aesni-x86.o
BF_ENC        =bf-586.o
CAST_ENC      =c_enc.o
RC4_ENC       =rc4-586.o
RC5_ENC       =rc5-586.o
MD5_OBJ_ASM   =md5-586.o
SHA1_OBJ_ASM  =sha1-586.o sha256-586.o sha512-586.o
RMD160_OBJ_ASM=rmd-586.o
CMLL_ENC      =cmll-x86.o
MODES_OBJ     =ghash-x86.o
PADLOCK_OBJ   =e_padlock-x86.o
CHACHA_ENC    =chacha-x86.o
POLY1305_OBJ  =poly1305-x86.o
PROCESSOR     =
RANLIB        =/usr/bin/ranlib
ARFLAGS       =
PERL          =/usr/bin/perl

THIRTY_TWO_BIT mode
BN_LLONG mode

Configured for linux-elf.
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ make
make: *** No rule to make target 'libcrypto.pc', needed by 'build_libs_nodep'.  Stop.
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$ autoconf
The program 'autoconf' can be found in the following packages:
 * autoconf
 * autoconf2.13
Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package>
tom@BKTKONOT002:~/Downloads/_openssl-build_linux-elf$

==Si osou==
{{Portal|Free software|Cryptography}}
* [[Comparison of TLS implementations]]
* [[POSSE project]]
* [[wolfSSL]]
* [[MatrixSSL]]

==Riförènses==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Ikstörnol liŋks==
{{Commonscat|OpenSSL}}
{{Div col||30em}}
* {{Wikidata |id=1052790}}
* {{Official website|https://www.openssl.org/}}
* [https://people.gnome.org/~markmc/openssl-and-the-gpl.html The OpenSSL License and the GPL] by Mark McLoughlin
* [https://www.opensc-project.org/opensc/wiki/pkcs11-helper Use OpenSSL easily with PKCS#11 enabled smartcards]
* [https://code.google.com/p/openssl-for-windows/ OpenSSL for windows 32-bit and x64 version]
* [http://www.polarhome.com/openssl/ OpenSSL for OpenVMS on Dec Alpha, IA-64 and VAX architectures]
* [https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-openssl/index.html OpenSSL programming tutorial]
* [https://wiki.opensslfoundation.com/index.php/Main_Page OpenSSL Community Wiki]
* [http://www.libressl.org LibreSSL homepage]
* [https://boringssl.googlesource.com/boringssl/ BoringSSL homepage]
{{Div col end}}

{{Cryptographic software}}
{{SSL/TLS}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Openssl}}
[[Category:Cryptographic software]]
[[Category:C libraries]]
[[Category:Free security software]]
[[Category:1998 software]]
[[Category:Transport Layer Security implementation]]